{"id":500,"date":"2015-07-27T16:37:09","date_gmt":"2015-07-27T16:37:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/?page_id=500"},"modified":"2016-01-12T15:52:48","modified_gmt":"2016-01-12T15:52:48","slug":"w7-source-types","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/credibility-ethical-and-social-responsibility\/w7-source-types\/","title":{"rendered":"W6. Learning Activity &#8211; In Class"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-service\"><div class=\"su-service-title\" style=\"padding-left:50px;min-height:36px;line-height:36px\"><i class=\"sui sui-users\" style=\"font-size:36px;color:#4e4e4e\"><\/i> W6 LA-IC<\/div><div class=\"su-service-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"padding-left:50px\"><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Purpose<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Explore author intent, audience, reliability and credibility. Distinguish between scholarly and popular media.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#05a9ff\"><\/div>\n<h2>Learning Activity<\/h2>\n<h3><strong><em>Popular Media<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4>Exploring Political Bias with the Bitly Media Map<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/datascience.berkeley.edu\/data-media-map-bitly\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/datascience.berkeley.edu\/data-media-map-bitly\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>The Media Map: Who&#8217;s Reading What and Where<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/special-report\/2012\/media-map.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/special-report\/2012\/media-map.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Author: The Interactive Media Map: America&#8217;s Most Influential News Outlets<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jonbruner\/2012\/03\/22\/forbes-interactive-media-map\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jonbruner\/2012\/03\/22\/forbes-interactive-media-map\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><em>Scholarly Media<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4>A Measure of Media Bias<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sscnet.ucla.edu\/polisci\/faculty\/groseclose\/Media.Bias.8.htm\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.sscnet.ucla.edu\/polisci\/faculty\/groseclose\/Media.Bias.8.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>The problems with the Groseclose\/Milyo study of media bias<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.brendan-nyhan.com\/blog\/2005\/12\/the_problems_wi.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.brendan-nyhan.com\/blog\/2005\/12\/the_problems_wi.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-chevron su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Show\/Hide<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">In fact, there are a number of stories you can tell about why a media\/Congress discrepancy in think tank citation would not necessarily imply ideological bias on the part of members of the elite media (including those listed above) and if any of them are true, the argument as stated does not hold.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><strong><em>Author Intent and Audience<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4>Left Turn: How Liberal Media Bias Distorts the American Mind<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Left-Turn-Liberal-Distorts-American\/dp\/1250002761\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Left-Turn-Liberal-Distorts-American\/dp\/1250002761<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Tim Groseclose<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/timgroseclose.wpengine.com\/biography\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/timgroseclose.wpengine.com\/biography\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-chevron su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Show\/Hide<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">But on another level my views and background do matter.\u00a0 As I will explain, the topics that journalists choose depend partly upon their political views and the views of the people who surround them.\u00a0 So let me admit, I don\u2019t think I would have written a book about media bias if I weren\u2019t conservative or if my parents hadn\u2019t instilled Central Time Zone values in me.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><strong><em>Credibility (Believable) and Reliability (Quality of Measurement)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4>Thoughts on Groseclose book on media bias<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/themonkeycage.org\/2011\/07\/thoughts-on-groseclose-book-on-media-bias\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/themonkeycage.org\/2011\/07\/thoughts-on-groseclose-book-on-media-bias\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-chevron su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Show\/Hide<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Setting aside the methodological criticisms raised by Nyhan and others, my big problem with the Groseclose and Milyo estimates of media bias is that they are <em>indirect<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Consider first some simple, direct measures of bias: Counting how many Democrats and Republicans, or liberals and conservatives, appear on op-ed pages or TV interviews. Tabulating the frequency of political sales terms such as \u201cdeath tax\u201d or \u201cOperation Freedom\u201d or \u201cAffordable Care Act\u201d (as compared to \u201cestate tax\u201d or \u201cIraq war\u201d or \u201cthe Obama health care plan\u201d). Measuring the prominence of positive or negative economic stories (is the bad news always on page 1 and the good news on page 14?).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">It makes sense for Groseclose, as a conservative media analyst, to want to shift journalism to the right, just as, from the other direction, a liberal businessman might want to persuade businesses to move in the other direction.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h4>Tomorrow&#8217;s Bogus Liberal Bias Claim Today<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/tomorrows-bogus-liberal-bias-claim-today\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/prospect.org\/article\/tomorrows-bogus-liberal-bias-claim-today<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-chevron su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Show\/Hide<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">With a coding scheme this strange, you get strange results. To wit: according to Groseclose, the most liberally biased major news organization in America is&#8230;the <em>Wall Street Journal<\/em>. When your method produces results telling that the <em>Journal<\/em> is the most liberally biased news organization, or that RAND is more liberal than the ACLU, the logical response is to reexamine your method and assess whether you&#8217;re measuring what you think you are. But maybe not, if it&#8217;s serving your ideological ends.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Short version: Groseclose\u2019s study on media bias is a methodological train wreck. He has always seemed quite taken with himself for coming up with the indirect method of measuring bias Andrew mentions above. But what should be explained is that the method produces results that are self-evidently absurd. For example, it codes the RAND Corporation and the Council on Foreign Relations as \u201cliberal,\u201d and the ACLU as \u201cconservative,\u201d and so if a newspaper quotes RAND more than the ACLU, it has displayed \u201cliberal bias.\u201d That sounds like a joke, but it\u2019s actually what the study does. At the risk of repeating what I\u2019ve written elsewhere, if a student in his first semester of research methods designed a study that came up with that result, you\u2019d tell him that his instrument had failed the test of external reliability, and he ought to go back and redesign it.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h4>Former fellows at conservative think tanks issued flawed UCLA-led study on media&#8217;s &#8220;liberal bias&#8221;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mediamatters.org\/research\/2005\/12\/21\/former-fellows-at-conservative-think-tanks-issu\/134514\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/mediamatters.org\/research\/2005\/12\/21\/former-fellows-at-conservative-think-tanks-issu\/134514<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-chevron su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Show\/Hide<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">In other words, the study rests on a presumption that can only be described as bizarre: If a member of Congress cites a think tank approvingly, and if that think tank is also cited by a news organization, then the news organization has a &#8220;bias&#8221; making it an ideological mirror of the member of Congress who cited the think tank. This, as Groseclose and Milyo define it, is what constitutes &#8220;media bias.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h4>Majority in U.S. Continues to Distrust the Media, Perceive Bias<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/149624\/majority-continue-distrust-media-perceive-bias.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/149624\/majority-continue-distrust-media-perceive-bias.aspx<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Americans Regain Some Confidence in Newspapers, TV News<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/148250\/Americans-Regain-Confidence-Newspapers-News.aspx?utm_source=position2&amp;utm_medium=related&amp;utm_campaign=tiles\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/148250\/Americans-Regain-Confidence-Newspapers-News.aspx?utm_source=position2&amp;utm_medium=related&amp;utm_campaign=tiles<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><em>Presentation Matters<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4>To Inform is to Influence<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/toinformistoinfluence.com\/2015\/05\/04\/media-bias\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/toinformistoinfluence.com\/2015\/05\/04\/media-bias\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><em>Curation<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Google Drive, Google Docs, Doc Hub, Paperpile<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><em>Citation<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"QuickSheet APA 6th Ed - The Basic Mechanics\" src=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/slideshow\/embed_code\/key\/Ib4dWfw4S6tzE0\" width=\"479\" height=\"511\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;\" allowfullscreen> <\/iframe> <\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom:5px\"> <strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/mpostphd\/apa-6th-edition-the-basic-mechanics\" title=\"QuickSheet APA 6th Ed - The Basic Mechanics\" target=\"_blank\">QuickSheet APA 6th Ed &#8211; The Basic Mechanics<\/a> <\/strong> from <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/mpostphd\" target=\"_blank\">The Post Institute: Center for Life-Long Learning<\/a><\/strong> <\/div>\n<h4>Sample APA 6th Edition Papers<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/media\/pdf\/20090212013008_560.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/media\/pdf\/20090212013008_560.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>Historical Perspective: Yellow Journalism<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/crucible\/frames\/_journalism.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/crucible\/frames\/_journalism.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/crucible\/frames\/_timeline.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/crucible\/frames\/_timeline.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-chevron su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Show\/Hide<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Today, historians point to the Spanish-American War as the first press-driven war. Although it may be an exaggeration to claim that Hearst and the other yellow journalists started the war, it is fair to say that the press fueled the public&#8217;s passion for war. Without sensational headlines and stories about Cuban affairs, the mood for Cuban intervention may have been very different. At the dawn of the twentieth century, the United States emerged as a world power, and the U.S. press proved its influence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Spanish-American War was the first &#8220;media war.&#8221; CRUCIBLE OF EMPIRE explores the role sensationalist journalism played in the war and pays particular attention to William Randolph Hearst. Hearst, then the upstart editor of\u00a0<u>The New York Journal<\/u>, understood that a war with Spain over Cuba would not only sell newspapers, but also move him into a position of national prominence. Hearst&#8217;s propaganda offensive, the first in modern media history, demonized Spain for its brutal suppression of the Cuban rebellion and fueled pro-war feeling. With the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana harbor in 1898, Hearst had the perfect pretext for war. The Hearst press saw to it that Spain shouldered the blame and a reluctant President McKinley capitulated.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border-width:2px;border-color:#05a9ff\"><a href=\"#\" style=\"color:#999999\">Go to top<\/a><\/div>\n<h2>What&#8217;s Next?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Next we will explore argument fallacies and faulty reasoning. <a href=\"http:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/credibility-ethical-and-social-responsibility\/w7-scholarly-sources\/\">Next learning activity<\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Purpose Explore author intent, audience, reliability and credibility. Distinguish between scholarly and popular media. Learning Activity Popular Media Exploring Political Bias with the Bitly Media Map https:\/\/datascience.berkeley.edu\/data-media-map-bitly\/ The Media Map: Who&#8217;s Reading What and Where http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/special-report\/2012\/media-map.html Author: The Interactive Media <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/credibility-ethical-and-social-responsibility\/w7-source-types\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  W6. Learning Activity &#8211; In Class<\/span><span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":217,"featured_media":0,"parent":39,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-500","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/217"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=500"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/500\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/com1010-002-sp16\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}