MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n 1. Orbicularis oris<\/p>\n Sphincter around mouth<\/p>\n A = Closes and protrudes lips: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=11<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 2. Orbicularis oculi<\/p>\n Sphincter around eye<\/p>\n A = Closes eyelids: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=10<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 3. Zygomaticus (major & minor)<\/p>\n O = Zygomatic bone<\/p>\n I = Angle of mouth<\/p>\n A = Raise angle of mouth; smile<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 4. Risorius<\/p>\n O = Fascia of masseter muscle<\/p>\n I = Angle of mouth<\/p>\n A = Draws angle of mouth laterally as in tenseness<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 5. Buccinator<\/p>\n O = Alveoli of mandible and maxillae<\/p>\n I = Orbicularis oris<\/p>\n A = Compress cheek; blowing and sucking: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8672<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 6. Platysma<\/p>\n O = Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles<\/p>\n I = Mandible, skin of chin and cheek<\/p>\n A = Depress mandible; draws lip downward as in pouting; tightens and wrinkles skin of neck: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8685<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 7. Frontalis<\/p>\n O = Galea aponeurotica<\/p>\n I = Skin and muscles of forehead<\/p>\n A = Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, draws scalp foreword: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 8. Occipitalis<\/p>\n O = Occipital bone<\/p>\n I = Galea aponeurotica<\/p>\n A = Draws scalp backward<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES OF MASTICATION<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n *1. Masseter<\/p>\n O = Zygomatic arch<\/p>\n I = Ramus of mandible<\/p>\n A = Elevates mandible: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8683<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n 2. Temporalis<\/p>\n O = Temporal line<\/p>\n I = Coronoid process of mandible<\/p>\n A = Elevates and retracts mandible: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8691<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 3. Digastric (floor of the oral cavity)<\/p>\n O = Hyoid bone<\/p>\n I = Inner surface of lower border of mandible (chin); mastoid process of temporal bone<\/p>\n A = Elevates hyoid and larynx, depresses mandible<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLE THAT MOVE THE HEAD<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n *1. Sternocleidomastoid<\/p>\n O = Sternum and clavicle<\/p>\n I = Mastoid process of temporal bone<\/p>\n A = If both sides contract, it flexes the neck; if one side contracts, it rotates the head towards the opposite side<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 2. Splenius capitis<\/p>\n O = Ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T4 vertebrae<\/p>\n I = Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone<\/p>\n A = Both sides extend head; one side rotates head to the same side as the contracting muscle<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n 1. Serratus anterior<\/p>\n O = First 9 ribs<\/p>\n I = Vertebral border of scapula, ventral side<\/p>\n A = Abducts scapula: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8688<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 2. Pectoralis minor<\/p>\n O = Ribs 3-5<\/p>\n I = Coracoid process of scapula<\/p>\n A = Depresses scapula; protracts scapula<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 3. Rhomboideus (major & minor)<\/p>\n O = Spines of C7-T5 vertebrae<\/p>\n I = Vertebral border of scapula<\/p>\n A = Adducts scapula: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8686<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *4. Trapezius<\/p>\n O = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T12<\/p>\n I = Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula<\/p>\n A = Elevates (upper portion) or depresses (lower portion) scapula; adducts scapula, extends head: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8693<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n *1. Pectoralis major<\/p>\n O = Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6<\/p>\n I = Greater tubercle of humerus<\/p>\n A = Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8684<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *2. Latissimus dorsi<\/p>\n O = Spinous processes of T7 through all lumbar through sacrum, posterior iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia<\/p>\n I = Intertubercular groove of humerus<\/p>\n A = Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8682<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *3. Deltoid<\/p>\n O = Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula<\/p>\n I = Deltoid tuberosity of humerus<\/p>\n A = Abducts arm: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=3<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *4. Supraspinatus<\/p>\n O = Supraspinous fossa<\/p>\n I = Greater tubercle of humerus<\/p>\n A = Abducts arm: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8690<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *5. Infraspinatus<\/p>\n O = Infraspinous fossa<\/p>\n I = Greater tubercle of humerus<\/p>\n A = Rotates arm laterally: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8681<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *6. Subscapularis<\/p>\n O = Subscapular fossa<\/p>\n I = Lesser tubercle of humerus<\/p>\n A = Rotates arm medially: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8689<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 7. Teres major<\/p>\n O = Inferior angle of scapula<\/p>\n I = Intertubercular groove of humerus<\/p>\n A = Medial rotates and adducts arm: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8692<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 8. Teres minor<\/p>\n O = Lateral (axillary) border of scapula<\/p>\n I = Greater tubercle of humerus<\/p>\n A = Rotates arm laterally<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n *1. Biceps brachii<\/p>\n O = Above the glenoid fossa; coracoid process of scapula<\/p>\n I = Radial tuberosity<\/p>\n A = Flexes forearm (elbow) and supinates forearm: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=4<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 2. Brachialis<\/p>\n O = Anterior surface of humerus<\/p>\n I = Coronoid process of ulna<\/p>\n A = Flexes forearm: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8671<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n *3. Triceps brachii<\/p>\n O = Long head-below glenoid fossa; Lateral head-lateral and posterior shaft of humerus proximally; Medial head- posterior surface of humerus distally<\/p>\n I = Olecranon process of ulna<\/p>\n A = Extends forearm (elbow): https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8694<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 4. Supinator<\/p>\n O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus<\/p>\n I = Lateral surface of proximal radius<\/p>\n A = Supinates forearm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 5. Pronator teres<\/p>\n O = Medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna<\/p>\n I = Middle of the lateral surface of radius<\/p>\n A = Pronates forearm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 6. Pronator quadratus<\/p>\n O = Distal ulna (anterior)<\/p>\n I = Distal radius (anterior)<\/p>\n A = Pronates forearm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n *1. Flexor carpi radialis<\/p>\n O = Medial epicondyle of humerus<\/p>\n I = Ventral surface of metacarpals II, III<\/p>\n A = Flexes and abducts palm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 2. Flexor carpi ulnaris<\/p>\n O = Medial epicondyle of humerus; upper dorsal border of ulna<\/p>\n I = Base of metacarpal III-V<\/p>\n A = Flexes and adducts palm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 3. Palmaris longus<\/p>\n O = Medial epicondyle of humerus<\/p>\n I = Palmar aponeurosis<\/p>\n A = Flexes palm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 4. Flexor digitorum superficialis<\/p>\n O = Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, anterior surface of radius<\/p>\n I = Ventral surface of middle phalanges 2-5<\/p>\n A = Flexes phalanges: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8676<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 5. Flexor digitorum profundus<\/p>\n O = Anterior medial surface of ulna<\/p>\n I = Ventral surface of distal phalanges 2-5<\/p>\n A = Flexes phalanges: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8676<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p><\/blockquote>\n 6. Extensor carpi radialis (longus)<\/p>\n O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus<\/p>\n I = Dorsal surface of metacarpal II<\/p>\n A = Extends and abduct palm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 7. Extensor carpi ulnaris<\/p>\n O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus<\/p>\n I = Metacarpal V<\/p>\n A = Extends and adducts palm<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *8. Extensor digitorum<\/p>\n O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus<\/p>\n I = Dorsal surface of phalanges<\/p>\n A = Extends phalanges and palm: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8673<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n *1. Gluteus maximus<\/p>\n O = Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx<\/p>\n I = Gluteal tuberosity of femur<\/p>\n A = Extends thigh (hip joint) and laterally rotates thigh: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8677<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 2. Gluteus medius<\/p>\n O = Ilium<\/p>\n I = Greater trochanter of femur<\/p>\n A = Abducts and medially rotates thigh: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8678<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 3. Gluteus minimus<\/p>\n O = Ilium<\/p>\n I = Greater trochanter of femur<\/p>\n A = Abducts and medially rotates thigh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 4. Tensor fasciae latae<\/p>\n O = Iliac crest (anterior part)<\/p>\n I = Lateral fascia of tibia<\/p>\n A = Tenses lateral fascia, flexes thigh (hip) and abducts thigh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *5. Adductor longus<\/p>\n O = Pubis<\/p>\n I = Linea aspera of femur<\/p>\n A = Adducts thigh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 6. Adductor magnus<\/p>\n O = Pubis and ischium<\/p>\n I = Linea aspera of femur<\/p>\n A = Adducts thigh: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8668<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 7. Adductor brevis {Note: Adductor magnus & brevis are collectively called Adductor femoris in mink.}<\/p>\n O = Pubis<\/p>\n I = Linea aspera of femur<\/p>\n A = Adducts thigh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n *1. Quadriceps femoris:<\/p>\n https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=2<\/a><\/p>\n *Rectus femoris<\/p>\n O = Anterior inferior iliac spine<\/p>\n I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament<\/p>\n A = Extends leg (knee), flexes thigh (hip)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *Vastus lateralis<\/p>\n O = Greater trochanter and lateral to linea aspera of femur<\/p>\n I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament<\/p>\n A = Extends leg<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *Vastus medialis<\/p>\n O = Medial to linea aspera of femur<\/p>\n I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament<\/p>\n A = Extends leg<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *Vastus intermedius<\/p>\n O = Anterior surface of femur<\/p>\n I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament<\/p>\n A = Extends leg<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *2. Hamstrings:<\/p>\n https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8679<\/a><\/p>\n *Biceps femoris<\/p>\n O = Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera<\/p>\n I = Lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula<\/p>\n A = Flexes leg (knee), extends thigh (hip)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *Semitendinosus<\/p>\n O = Ischial tuberosity<\/p>\n I = Medial surface of proximal tibia<\/p>\n A = Flexes leg and extends thigh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *Semimembranosus<\/p>\n O = Ischial tuberosity<\/p>\n I = Medial condyle of tibia<\/p>\n A = Flexes leg and extends thigh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 3. Gracilis<\/p>\n O = Pubis<\/p>\n I = Medial surface of tibia below condyle<\/p>\n A = Flexes leg and adducts thigh<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 4. Sartorius<\/p>\n O = Anterior superior iliac spine<\/p>\n I = Medial surface of proximal tibia<\/p>\n A = Flex thigh and leg, rotate thigh laterally: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8687<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p><\/blockquote>\n MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n 1. Tibialis anterior<\/p>\n O = Lateral condyle and body of tibia<\/p>\n I = Metatarsal I<\/p>\n A = Dorsiflex foot<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *2. Extensor digitorum longus<\/p>\n O = Lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula<\/p>\n I = Dorsal surfaces of phalanges 2-5<\/p>\n A = Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 3. Peroneus longus = Fibularis longus<\/p>\n O = Lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula<\/p>\n I = Ventral surface of metatarsal I<\/p>\n A = Plantar flexes and everts foot: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8675<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *4. Gastrocnemius<\/p>\n O = Above lateral and medial condyles of femur<\/p>\n I = Calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon<\/p>\n A = Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=1<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 5. Soleus<\/p>\n O = Posteromedial tibia; Head of fibula<\/p>\n I = Calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon<\/p>\n A = Plantar flexes foot<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *6. Flexor digitorum longus<\/p>\n O = Posterior surface of tibia<\/p>\n I = Distal phalanges 2-5<\/p>\n A = Flexes toes and plantar flexes foot<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n *1. External abdominal oblique<\/p>\n O = Lower 8 ribs<\/p>\n I = Linea alba and iliac crest<\/p>\n A = Compresses abdomen; flexes or bends spine; depresses ribs: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8674<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 2. Internal abdominal oblique<\/p>\n O = Iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia<\/p>\n I = Linea alba and lower ribs<\/p>\n A = Compresses abdomen, flexes or bends spine; depresses ribs: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=8674<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n 3. Transversus abdominis<\/p>\n O = Iliac crest, lumbar fascia and costal cartilage of lower ribs<\/p>\n I = Linea alba and pubis<\/p>\n A = Compresses abdomen<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *4. Rectus abdominis<\/p>\n O = Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7<\/p>\n I = Symphysis pubis<\/p>\n A = Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column, and depresses ribs: https:\/\/anatomy.mheducation.com\/html\/apr.html?animal=human&id=12<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES USED IN BREATHING<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n 1. Diaphragm<\/p>\n O = Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 4-10 and lumbar vertebrae<\/p>\n I = Central tendon of diaphragm<\/p>\n A = Increases size of thoracic cavity for breathing<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *2. External intercostals<\/p>\n O = One rib<\/p>\n I = Next rib<\/p>\n A = Breathing [elevates ribs]<\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n *3. Internal intercostals<\/p>\n O = One rib<\/p>\n I = Next rib<\/p>\n A = Breathing [depresses ribs]<\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n 1. Erector spinae<\/p>\n Iliocostalis (most lateral)<\/p>\n O = Iliac crest and ribs<\/p>\n I = Ribs<\/p>\n A = Extends the vertebral column and bends it laterally<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n Longissimus (intermediate)<\/p>\n O = Transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae<\/p>\n I = Transverse processes of the vertebrae above the vertebra of origin, plus the mastoid process of the temporal bone<\/p>\n A = Extends vertebral column<\/p><\/blockquote>\n <\/p>\n Spinalis (medial)<\/p>\n O = Spinous process of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae<\/p>\n I = Spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae<\/p>\n A = Extends the vertebral column<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" C. HUMAN MUSCLES [O = Origin; I = Insertion; A = Action] You must be logged in to Mc-Graw Hill Connect for animation videos to work on actions. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION 1. Orbicularis oris Sphincter around mouth A = … Continue reading