{"id":150,"date":"2015-08-08T15:33:23","date_gmt":"2015-08-08T15:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/?page_id=150"},"modified":"2015-08-10T23:38:11","modified_gmt":"2015-08-10T23:38:11","slug":"outline-4-bio-2310-autonomic-nervous-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/biology-courses\/human-anatomy-physiology-homepage-bio-2310\/outline-4-bio-2310-autonomic-nervous-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Outline-4, BIO 2310, Autonomic Nervous System"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. General classification & function<\/p>\n

PNS, visceral efferent to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands<\/em><\/p>\n

B. Preganglionic & postganglionic neurons<\/p>\n

Preganglionic neuron begins at CNS to ganglion and is myelinated. Postganglionic neuron begins at ganglion to effector and is unmyelinated.<\/em><\/p>\n

C. Sympathetic division<\/strong>{expends energy}<\/p>\n

1. Preganglionic neurons T1-L2 [short]\n

2. Sympathetic chain ganglia or trunk<\/p>\n

a. White & Gray ramus communicans<\/p>\n

White ramus is the branching of the preganglionic neuron from the spinal nerve; Gray ramus is the branching of the postganglionic neuron to rejoin the spinal nerve<\/em><\/p>\n

b. Directly to postganglionic neuron [long]\n

c. Up or Down sympathetic chain ganglia<\/p>\n

d. Through chain ganglia to Collateral =Prevertebral Ganglia<\/p>\n

1. Splanchnic nerves -pertaining to viscera<\/p>\n

2. Celiac ganglion<\/p>\n

3. Superior mesenteric ganglion<\/p>\n

4. Inferior mesenteric ganglion<\/p>\n

e. Adrenal medulla<\/p>\n

Preganglionic neuron only<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Divergence<\/p>\n

D. Parasympathetic division<\/strong>{conserves energy}<\/p>\n

1. Cell body location<\/p>\n

2. Not to skin, blood vessels<\/p>\n

3. Brain stem {3,7,9,10}<\/p>\n

4. S2-S4, Pelvic splanchnic nerves<\/p>\n

E. Comparisons of anatomy between SNS & PNS<\/p>\n

Short preganglionic neurons SNS, long postganglionic neurons SNS; opposite in PNS. More localized effects in PNS due to anatomy.<\/em><\/p>\n

F. Neurotransmitters<\/p>\n

1. Acetylcholine – Cholinergic<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. Parasympathetic {pre\/postganglionic fibers}<\/p>\n

b. Preganglionic fiber – SNS<\/p>\n

2. Norepinephrine – Adrenergic<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. Postganglionic fiber – SNS<\/p>\n

3. Adrenal medulla<\/p>\n

Releases norepinephrine and epinephrine to exaggerate the fight or flight response<\/em><\/p>\n

4. Receptors<\/p>\n

a. Acetylcholine<\/p>\n

1. Muscarinic [blocked by atropine]\n

2. Nicotinic [blocked by curare in somatic system]\n

b. Norepinephrine\/epinephrine<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Alpha<\/p>\n

-Alpha 1 are most common and have a stimulatory response [constricts muscles]\n

-Responds to norepinephrine & epinephrine<\/p>\n

2. Beta 1<\/p>\n

-Heart<\/p>\n

Stimulatory effect<\/em><\/p>\n

-Responds to norepinephrine & epinephrine<\/p>\n

-Propranolol – B1 blocker<\/p>\n

3. Beta 2<\/p>\n

-Most common beta receptor<\/p>\n

-Generally inhibitory<\/p>\n

-Responds to only epinephrine<\/p>\n

G. Functions<\/p>\n

Heart – SNS increases rate and force of contraction, PNS decreases rate and force.<\/em><\/p>\n

Airways – SNS dilates airways, PNS narrows airways<\/em><\/p>\n

Digestive structures – SNS decreases secretions and peristalsis, PNS increases secretions and motility<\/em><\/p>\n

Pupil – SNS dilates pupil, PNS constricts pupil<\/em><\/p>\n

Sweat glands – SNS increases sweat secretion<\/em><\/p>\n

Adrenal medulla – SNS causes release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla<\/em><\/p>\n

Urinary bladder – SNS causes wall to relax and sphincter to contract, PNS causes wall to contract and sphincter to relax<\/em><\/p>\n

Cutaneous and abdominal blood vessels – SNS causes vasoconstriction<\/em><\/p>\n

Skeletal muscle blood vessels – SNS causes vasodilation<\/em><\/p>\n

H. Controls<\/p>\n

Hypothalamus<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM A. General classification & function PNS, visceral efferent to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands B. Preganglionic & postganglionic neurons Preganglionic neuron begins at CNS to ganglion and is myelinated. Postganglionic neuron begins at ganglion to … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":270,"featured_media":0,"parent":42,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-150","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/270"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/150\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/42"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}