1. Describe the location of the heart.<\/p>\n
2. Name the membrane that surrounds the heart. What is its function?<\/p>\n
3. Name the 3 layers of the heart wall.<\/p>\n
4. Where might pericardial fluid be found?<\/p>\n
5. Name the 4 heart chambers, and the septae and valves that separate them.<\/p>\n
6. Define coronary sulcus, chordae tendineae, papillary muscle, and trabeculae carneae.<\/p>\n
7. Trace the coronary circuit of blood flow.<\/p>\n
8. Describe the cells comprising the myocardium. Name the structure between these cells and its primary purpose.<\/p>\n
9. Explain why a refractory period is necessary following cardiac muscle cell excitation.<\/p>\n
10. Name the source of energy for cardiac muscle.<\/p>\n
11. Describe the excitation of cardiac muscle cells and where this occurs.<\/p>\n
12. Describe the pathway for conduction of electrical impulses through the heart.<\/p>\n
13. Define systole and diastole. Which heart chamber has the highest systolic pressure and why?<\/p>\n
14. Describe and illustrate the pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta through one complete cardiac cycle.<\/p>\n
15. Define cardiac output and cardiac reserve.<\/p>\n
16. Describe the controls of heart rate and describe how heart rate relates to cardiac output.<\/p>\n
17. Define stroke volume and describe how it relates to cardiac output.<\/p>\n
18. Define end-diastolic volume and factors that influence it.<\/p>\n
19. Define end-systolic volume and factors that influence it.<\/p>\n
20. Describe the (Frank-)Starling law.<\/p>\n
21. List some factors that influence cardiac function.<\/p>\n
22. Describe the origin of the “lub-dup” sound as your heart beats.<\/p>\n
23. Describe the basis for electrocardiography. What are leads?<\/p>\n
24. Describe the waves of a normal ECG and what each wave represents.<\/p>\n
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A. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM – HEART 1. Describe the location of the heart. 2. Name the membrane that surrounds the heart. What is its function? 3. Name the 3 layers of the heart wall. 4. Where might pericardial fluid be found? … Continue reading