{"id":808,"date":"2015-08-21T18:51:36","date_gmt":"2015-08-21T18:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/?page_id=808"},"modified":"2016-11-25T15:09:02","modified_gmt":"2016-11-25T15:09:02","slug":"outline-2-bio-3220-urinary-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/biology-courses\/comparative-vertebrate-anatomy-bio-3220\/outline-2-bio-3220-urinary-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Outline-2, BIO 3220, Urinary System"},"content":{"rendered":"

V. URINARY SYSTEM<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Kidney<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Overall function<\/p>\n

a. Osmoregulation<\/p>\n

b. Nitrogenous waste in Tetrapods<\/p>\n

1. Ammonia\u00a0in amphibians<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Urea\u00a0in mammals<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Uric Acid\u00a0in birds and reptiles<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Nephron –\u00a0<\/strong>Functional unit of kidney; makes urine by filtering blood<\/em><\/p>\n

a. Glomerulus –\u00a0Network of blood capillaries<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Afferent glomerular arteriole<\/p>\n

2. Efferent glomerular arteriole<\/p>\n

b. Bowman’s capsule –\u00a0Cup-shaped around glomerulus to “catch” filtrate<\/em><\/p>\n

c. Renal Corpuscle –\u00a0Glomerulus plus the capsule function as filtration unit<\/em><\/p>\n

d. Renal Tubules –\u00a0Increase in complexity in higher vertebrates<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Function –\u00a0Secretion directly from blood and Reabsorption from tubules back to blood based on need.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. ADH –\u00a0Antidiuretic Hormone promotes water reabsorption from tubules<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Aldosterone –\u00a0Hormone that promotes sodium reabsorption from tubules and water passively follows<\/em><\/p>\n

4. Countercurrent –\u00a0Arrangement of kidney tubules allows for maximum efficiency<\/em><\/p>\n

e. Peritubular capillaries<\/p>\n

f. Common collecting tubule<\/p>\n

g. Longitudinal kidney duct\u00a0– Carries urine to cloaca in all but placental mammals<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Pronephros –\u00a0<\/strong>Forms from intermediate mesoderm (mesomere) very far cranially<\/em><\/p>\n

a. Temporary pronephric tubules<\/p>\n

b. Pronephric duct to cloaca –\u00a0Persists in anamniotes, but changes name to mesonephric duct<\/em><\/p>\n

c. Functional embryonic kidney in anamniotes<\/p>\n

4. Mesonephros –\u00a0<\/strong>Middle region of intermediate mesoderm<\/em><\/p>\n

a. Mesonephric duct<\/p>\n

b. Functional embryonic kidney in amniotes<\/p>\n

c. Adult kidney of fish & amphibians<\/p>\n

d. Vasa efferentia –\u00a0Carries sperm from testicle to mesonephric duct<\/em><\/p>\n

e. Spermatic duct = Vas deferens = Mesonephric duct in males<\/p>\n

5. Metanephros –\u00a0<\/strong>Caudal-most intermediate mesoderm<\/em><\/p>\n

a. Adult amniote kidney<\/p>\n

b. Cortex –\u00a0Outer region of kidney<\/em><\/p>\n

c. Medulla –\u00a0Inner region of kidney<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Pyramids<\/p>\n

2. Papilla<\/p>\n

d. Pelvis –\u00a0Slit like funnel collecting urine from kidney medulla<\/em><\/p>\n

e. Ureter<\/strong>[= metanephric duct]\n

B. Urinary Bladder<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Cyclostomes and Elasmobranchs –\u00a0No urinary bladder<\/em><\/p>\n

2. MOST FISH<\/p>\n

a. Mesonephric ducts form bladder<\/p>\n

3. Dipnoans –\u00a0Bladder is cloacal derivative<\/em><\/p>\n

4. TETRAPODS<\/p>\n

a. Cloaca derivative & urinary bladder empties into cloaca in all –\u00a0Except\u00a0<\/strong>placental mammals<\/p>\n

b. Allantois –\u00a0This embryonic structure forms urinary bladder in placental mammals<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Urachus –\u00a0Remnant of allantois<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Umbilical ligament –\u00a0Fate of urachus<\/em><\/p>\n

c. Urinary bladder empties into the\u00a0urethra.<\/strong><\/p>\n

5. Function –\u00a0Water reservoir in all except placental mammals. Water can be reabsorbed under ADH release. In placental mammals, urinary bladder serves as a holding tank for urine and for pheromones\/marking territory.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V. URINARY SYSTEM A. Kidney 1. Overall function a. Osmoregulation b. Nitrogenous waste in Tetrapods 1. Ammonia\u00a0in amphibians 2. Urea\u00a0in mammals 3. Uric Acid\u00a0in birds and reptiles 2. Nephron –\u00a0Functional unit of kidney; makes urine by filtering blood a. Glomerulus … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":270,"featured_media":0,"parent":580,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-808","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/270"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=808"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/808\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}