{"id":814,"date":"2015-08-21T18:59:38","date_gmt":"2015-08-21T18:59:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/?page_id=814"},"modified":"2015-08-21T18:59:38","modified_gmt":"2015-08-21T18:59:38","slug":"outline-2-bio-3220-reproductive-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/biology-courses\/comparative-vertebrate-anatomy-bio-3220\/outline-2-bio-3220-reproductive-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Outline-2, BIO 3220, Reproductive System"},"content":{"rendered":"

VI. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Development of gonads<\/p>\n

1. Genital ridges –\u00a0Form gonads, just medial to kidneys<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Germinal epithelium –\u00a0Forms gametes<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

B. MALE<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Testes<\/p>\n

a. Seminiferous tubules –\u00a0Coiled tubules lined with germinal epithelium and formation of sperm in most vertebrates.<\/em><\/p>\n

b. Some fish, cyclostomes, urodeles –\u00a0Lack seminiferous tubules; sperm are made within cysts<\/em><\/p>\n

c. Position<\/p>\n

1. Abdominal cavity – Monotremes, elephants, whales, non-mammals<\/p>\n

2. Descended permanently – ungulates, carnivores, humans<\/p>\n

3. Retractile – rabbit, lower primates<\/p>\n

2. Vasa efferentia – Closed system<\/p>\n

3. Vas deferens = Spermatic duct = Mesonephric duct<\/p>\n

4. Cloaca – below placental mammals<\/p>\n

5. Urethra = Urogenital sinus – placental mammals<\/p>\n

6. Copulatory organs –\u00a0Needed for internal fertilization<\/em><\/p>\n

a. Claspers – elasmobranchs –\u00a0Pelvic fin modification<\/em><\/p>\n

b. Gonopodium – teleosts –\u00a0Anal fin modification<\/em><\/p>\n

c. Hemipenes – snakes, lizards<\/p>\n

d. Penis<\/p>\n

1. Turtles, crocs, monotremes, some birds –\u00a0Thickening on floor of cloaca<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Placental mammals –\u00a0External, erectile tissue<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

C. FEMALE<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Ovary<\/p>\n

a. Hollow, but lined with germinal epithelium – teleosts<\/p>\n

b. Thin-walled sacs – anurans, urodeles<\/p>\n

c. Lacunae, fluid filled – Reptiles, birds, monotremes<\/p>\n

d. Solid<\/p>\n

1. Mammals<\/p>\n

2. Follicles\u00a0– “Bag”; Egg plus surrounding fluid & cells<\/em><\/p>\n

e. Ovulation into coelom – open system<\/p>\n

2. Oviducts, Uterus, Vagina<\/p>\n

a. Development<\/p>\n

-From Muellerian Ducts [uterus & vagina too] in most<\/p>\n

b. Below placental mammals – Empty to cloaca<\/p>\n

c. Placental mammals<\/p>\n

1. Uterus<\/p>\n

a. Marsupials (2)<\/p>\n

b. Horns –\u00a0Most placental mammals have extensions of uterine body, called horns, for multiple births.<\/em><\/p>\n

c. Cervix –\u00a0Caudal muscular opening into uterus<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Vagina<\/p>\n

a. Urogenital sinus –\u00a0Vagina, a cloacal derivative, empties into the urogenital sinus in most placental mammals<\/em><\/p>\n

b. Exterior genitals = Vulva –\u00a0In rodents and primates, the vagina opens directly to the vulva<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

D. Cloaca<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. The cloacal opening, or vent, receives intestine and urogenital structures in all vertebrates except placental mammals.<\/p>\n

2. Urorectal fold –\u00a0A horizontal shelf starts to divide the cloaca in reptiles, birds and monotremes<\/em><\/p>\n

a. Coprodeum –\u00a0Collects digestive waste<\/em><\/p>\n

b. Urodeum –\u00a0Collects urine<\/em><\/p>\n

c. Proctodeum –\u00a0Common, undivided, terminal cloaca<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Urogenital sinus and Rectum in placental mammals except primates & rodents<\/p>\n

4. Urethra, Vagina, Rectum (female primate, rodents)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

VI. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM A. Development of gonads 1. Genital ridges –\u00a0Form gonads, just medial to kidneys 2. Germinal epithelium –\u00a0Forms gametes B. MALE 1. Testes a. Seminiferous tubules –\u00a0Coiled tubules lined with germinal epithelium and formation of sperm in most … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":270,"featured_media":0,"parent":580,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-814","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/270"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=814"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/814\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.msudenver.edu\/haysc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}