Phonemes and Allophones in Ch’orti’

Vowels:

/i/ [i] unstressed

[I] stressed (both secondary and primary stress)

/e/ [e] unstressed

[ɛ] stressed

/a/ [a] unstressed

[ʌ] stressed

/o/ [o] unstressed

[ɔ] stressed

/u/ [u] unstressed

[ʊ] stressed

Vowel laxing rule: V à [+lax] / _______

[+stress]

 

Vowel echo rules: V’ à V1’V 1 [-voice] / ______C

 

V’ à V1’V 1 [-voice] / ______#

or V1’

 

 

Consonants:

Aspiration rules: C à / ______#

[+stop] [+aspirated]

 

(optional rule) /p,t,k/ à / ______V {h}

[+aspirated] {x}

{ʔ}

or / ______ C

 

/č/and /ʦ/ à [+aspirated] / ______ #

Check /č/and /ʦ/ when followed by consonants, and Vh, Vx, Vʔ

 

/C/ à / _____ C

[+glottalized] [+preglottalized] #

 

 

/C/ à / _____ #

[+resonants?] [-voice]

(nasals & r & l?)

 

 

/r/ à / _____ #