I am an Associate Professor of Anthropology for the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Metropolitan State University of Denver. I earned my PhD in Linguistics with a certificate in Culture, Language, and Social Practice from the University of Colorado Boulder. As a linguistic anthropologist and educator, I focus on multimodal forms of linguistic expression and discourse. I do so from a variety of perspectives – sociocultural, interactional, historical – and always with an eye to how language intersects with other areas of meaning making (e.g., symbolic art, design, mathematics). As such, I engage with many sub- and allied fields of linguistic anthropology, including discourse analysis, gesture studies, and epigraphy.

My research specifically involves Hand Talk and other traditional signed-language practices of Indigenous America, focusing on how sign-based and speech-based elements are combined within linguistically coherent expressions. I am currently examining this linguistic bimodalism within Ancient Maya texts, where (speech-based) hieroglyphs are accompanied by textual hand signs (which are held by depicted figures). In Sandoval (2025), I spearheaded the initial decipherment of these Ancient Maya hand signs and demonstrated how the hieroglyphic script and hand-sign script are textually integrated components of a beautifully complex Mayan scribal tradition. My previous work focused on describing the sign-speech linguistic bimodalism of Arapaho (an Algonquian language of North America’s Great Plains). 

 

Decipherment of Ancient Maya Textual Hand Signs

Research Article

Sandoval, R. (2025) The Ancient Maya Script of Hand Forms Embedded in Figural Art: A Decipherment of Numerals Signed by the Rulers of Altar Q.Transactions of the Philological Society, 123 (2): 350-389

 

Public Scholarship

Sandoval, R. “Continuing the Decipherment of Ancient Maya Textual Hand Signs: Altar Q and Beyond.” The Aztlander: Voice of the Ancient Americas, 6 (1)

 

Select Media Coverage / Interviews

Mayan altar may conceal secret code used by the kingdom’s rulers at the time“, Article by Raquel Brandao, Earth.com, November 26th, 2025.

Anthropologist claims hand positions on 1,300-year-old Maya altar have a deeper meaning“, Interview article by Margherita Bassi, Live Science, September 17th, 2025.

Metropolitan State University of Denver professor has possibly unlocked the key to the world’s oldest sign language“, Radio/podcast interview with Ryan Warner, article by Anthony Cotton, Colorado Matters (Colorado Public Radio News), July 15th, 2025

Maya monuments speak in signs — and now we understand them“, Interview article by Michael Haederle, MSU Denver RED, April 1st, 2025      (story also included in The Aztlander Magazine of the Americas 5(5), May, 2025)