(adapted from Kent, Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates, 1992)
ARCH | SHARK | TELEOST | FROG | REPTILE | MAMMAL |
I | Meckel’s = Mandibular Cartilage | Articular | Articular | Articular | Malleus |
Pterygoquadrate = Palatoquadrate | Quadrate, Epipterygoid | Quadrate | Quadrate, Epipterygoid | Incus, Alisphenoid | |
II | Hyomandibula | Hyomandibula | Columella | Stapes | Stapes |
Ceratohyal | Ceratohyal ETC. | Hyoid | Hyoid | Hyoid | |
Basihyal | Hyoid | Hyoid | Hyoid | ||
III | Branchial Skeleton (Includes: Pharyngobranchial; Epibranchial; Ceratobranchial; Hypobranchial; Basibranchial) | BS | Hyoid | Hyoid | Hyoid |
IV | Branchial Skeleton | BS | Hyoid | Hyoid | Larynx |
V | Branchial Skeleton | BS | Larynx | Larynx | Larynx |
VI | Branchial Skeleton | BS | Absent | Absent | Absent |
VII | Branchial Skeleton | BS | Absent | Absent | Absent |