Chart-3, BIO 3220, Muscle Classification

 

Sections I-VI refer to Tetrapods only; Section VII includes sharks


 I. EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES

Superior, inferior, and internal (medial) rectus, inferior oblique {Innervated by cranial nerve III}

Superior oblique {cranial nerve IV}

External (lateral) rectus, retractor bulbi {cranial nerve VI}


II. HYPOBRANCHIAL and TONGUE MUSCLES

Geniohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid {ventral rami of spinal nerves}

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, lingualis, styloglossus {cranial nerve XII}


III. EPAXIAL MUSCLES

ANAMNIOTES – Dorsalis trunci

AMNIOTES – Intervertebrals, longissimus, spinales (multifidus spinae), iliocostales {dorsal rami of spinal nerves}


IV. HYPAXIAL MUSCLES

Rectus abdominis, lateral group [external oblique and external intercostals; internal oblique and internal intercostals; transversus abdominis and transversus thoracis], subvertebrals, diaphragm in mammals {ventral rami of spinal nerves}


V. PECTORAL GIRDLE & LIMB MUSCLES

DORSAL GROUP – Deltoid; latissimus dorsi; teres major; subcoracoscapularis–>subscapularis; scapulohumeralis anterior–>teres minor; triceps; wrist and digit extensors; cutaneous trunci = cutaneous maximus

VENTRAL GROUP – Pectoralis; supracoracoideus–>supraspinatus and infraspinatus; coracobrachialis; biceps brachii; brachialis; wrist and digit flexors

{Most appendicular muscles are innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves}


VI. PELVIC GIRDLE & LIMB MUSCLES

DORSAL GROUP – Iliofemoralis and iliofibularis–>gluteus and tensor fasciae latae; iliotibialis, femorotibialis and ambiens–>quadriceps and sartorius; pubioischiofemoralis internus–>iliacus, psoas major and pectineus; ankle and digit extensors

VENTRAL GROUP – Puboischiotibialis–>gracilis; pubotibialis and flexor tibialis–>semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and adductors; adductor femoris, ankle and digit flexors


VII. BRANCHIOMERIC MUSCLES

 

SHARK ………………………………………….TETRAPODS

PHARYNGEAL ARCH I (mandibular arch) {cranial nerve V}

Adductor mandibulae………………………… Masseter

temporalis, pterygoid

 

 

Intermandibularis ……………………………..Mylohyoid, digastric, tensor

tympani

 

 PHARYNGEAL ARCH II (hyoid arch) {cranial nerve VII}

Levator hyomandibulae ………………………Stapedius

Dorsal hyoid constrictor = Levator hyoideus..Stylohyoid

Interhyoideus……………………………………..Depressor mandibulae

{continuous with hyoid constrictor} ………..Ventral digastric, sphincter

colli/Platysma

 

 

PHARYNGEAL ARCH III {cranial nerve IX}

Constrictors,……………………………………..Stylopharyngeus

levators,

adductors,

interarcuals

 

PHARYNGEAL ARCHES IV-VI {cranial nerves X and XI}

Constrictors, …………………………………..Thyroarytenoid,

levators, …………………………………………cricoarytenoid,

adductors,……………………………………….cricothyroid

interarcuals

 

Cucullaris………………………………………. Trapezius, sternomastoid,

cleidomastoid