Outline-1, BIO 2310, Skeletal Tissue

V. SKELETAL TISSUE (Connective Tissue)

A. Cartilage {Chondr-}

1. Chondrocytes

2. Matrix

a. Jelly-like substance (glycoproteins)

b. Collagen

c. Elastic fibers

3. Perichondrium

4. Nonvascular

5. Types of cartilage

a. Hyaline

1. Numerous chondrocytes

2. Joints, nose, throat, trachea, ribs, embryo

b. Elastic

1. Epiglottis, pinna, Eustachian tube

c. Fibrocartilage (collagen)

1. Intervertebral disc, symphysis pubis

B. Bone [os, osteo]

1. Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

2. Matrix = Intercellular substance

a. Calcium phosphate [2/3]; most of bone matrix to provide hardness

b. Hydroxyapatite crystals

c. Collagen [(1/3]; some of bone matrix to provide strength

3. Very vascular

4. Periosteum

5. General Functions

a. Support & Protection

b. Blood formation

c. Storage

d. Movement

C. Parts of a typical long bone

1. Diaphysis

Shaft

2. Epiphysis

Ends

3. Metaphysis

Neck

4. Articular cartilage

5. Periosteum

6. Marrow = Medullary cavity

7. Endosteum

D. Bone types according to Interosseous spaces

1. Compact bone

Osteon

1. Central (Haversian) Canal

2. Perforating (Volkmann’s) Canal

3. Lamellae

Concentric rings

4. Osteocytes in lacunae

2. Spongy = Cancellous bone

Trabeculae

E. Ossification

1. Intramembranous

Direct

2. Endochondral [epiphyseal plate]

Indirect

3. Remodeling & Diameter growth

  • osteoclasts & osteoblasts

F. Bone types according to shape

1. Long

2. Short

3. Flat

4. Irregular

5. Misc. Sesamoid

G. Bone markings (fissure, foramen, meatus, fossa, condyle, facet) Table 7-2 Van Putte or 9.1 in your lab manual.

H. Into. to Human Skeleton

206 adult bones, Axial skeleton – 80 bones, Appendicular – 126 bones which includes girdles and appendages