V. SKELETAL TISSUE (Connective Tissue)
A. Cartilage {Chondr-}
1. Chondrocytes
2. Matrix
a. Jelly-like substance (glycoproteins)
b. Collagen
c. Elastic fibers
3. Perichondrium
4. Nonvascular
5. Types of cartilage
a. Hyaline
1. Numerous chondrocytes
2. Joints, nose, throat, trachea, ribs, embryo
b. Elastic
1. Epiglottis, pinna, Eustachian tube
c. Fibrocartilage (collagen)
1. Intervertebral disc, symphysis pubis
B. Bone [os, osteo]
1. Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
2. Matrix = Intercellular substance
a. Calcium phosphate [2/3]; most of bone matrix to provide hardness
b. Hydroxyapatite crystals
c. Collagen [(1/3]; some of bone matrix to provide strength
3. Very vascular
4. Periosteum
5. General Functions
a. Support & Protection
b. Blood formation
c. Storage
d. Movement
C. Parts of a typical long bone
1. Diaphysis
Shaft
2. Epiphysis
Ends
3. Metaphysis
Neck
4. Articular cartilage
5. Periosteum
6. Marrow = Medullary cavity
7. Endosteum
D. Bone types according to Interosseous spaces
1. Compact bone
Osteon
1. Central (Haversian) Canal
2. Perforating (Volkmann’s) Canal
3. Lamellae
Concentric rings
4. Osteocytes in lacunae
2. Spongy = Cancellous bone
Trabeculae
E. Ossification
1. Intramembranous
Direct
2. Endochondral [epiphyseal plate]
Indirect
3. Remodeling & Diameter growth
- osteoclasts & osteoblasts
F. Bone types according to shape
1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular
5. Misc. Sesamoid
G. Bone markings (fissure, foramen, meatus, fossa, condyle, facet) Table 7-2 Van Putte or 9.1 in your lab manual.
H. Into. to Human Skeleton
206 adult bones, Axial skeleton – 80 bones, Appendicular – 126 bones which includes girdles and appendages